The whitehall ii study pdf

Research report change in health inequalities among british. A second phase, the whitehall ii study, examined the health of 10,308 civil servants aged 35 to 55, of whom two thirds were men and one third women. Social inequalities in multimorbidity, frailty, disability. Main outcome measures incident dementia, identified through linkage to hospital, mental health services, and mortality registers. This study whitehall ii was set up to investigate the degree and causes of the social gradient in morbidity, to study additional factors related to the gradient in mortality, and, importantly, to include women. The objective was to assess the prospective associations between total food variety food variety score, fvs and variety from selected recommended and nonrecommended foods rfv and nrfv, respectively and risk of chronic disease and mortality. Participants 9087 participants aged 3555 years at study inception 198588. Prospective cohort study with a baseline examination of working hours, psychological morbidity an indicator of baseline depression and depression risk factors in 19911993 and a followup of major depressive episode in 19971999 mean followup 5. The whitehall ii cohort was established in 1985 among 10 308 67% men british civil servants. Recruitment to the whitehall ii study phase 1 took place between late 1985 and early 1988 among all office staff, aged 35 to 55 years, from 20 londonbased civil service departments. Accelerometer assessed moderatetovigorous physical. Whitehall study ii abstract a second phase, the whitehall ii study, examined the health of 10,308 civil servants aged 35 to 55, of whom two thirds were men and one third women, all of whom were employed in the london offices of the british civil service at the time they were recruited to the study in 1985. We used data from the whitehall ii cohort study, established in 19851988 on 10,308 british civil servants 67% men aged 3555 years 24. We undertook a retrospective analsysis of data from the whitehall ii prospective cohort study, established in 1985, aiming to study all civil servants aged between 35 and 55 years working in londonbased united kingdom civil service departments.

We examined justice at work as a predictor of coronary heart disease chd. The whitehall ii study made a number of conclusions about the observed differences in cardiovascular diseases and causes of mortality. The whitehall ii study of 10,308 whitecollar british civil servants aged 3555 at baseline. The shorter height of those in the lower employment levels were thought to reflect differences in childhood exposures that may have been critical to. Whitehall ii, a study of 10,314 british civil servants aged 3555 published in the lancet in 1991, represents this attempt. Work environment, alcohol and illhealth the whitehall ii study hse. Dataarefrom5099menand27women inthewhitehalliistudy,meanage56yearsrange,4469 years at the first cognitive assessment. The target population for the whitehall ii study was all londonbased office staff aged 35 to 55 years working in 20 civil service departments in 1985. Overtime work as a predictor of major depressive episode. Participants completed questionnaires at each of the 12. This study used data from the whitehall ii prospective occupational cohort study. The whitehall ii whii study of british civil servants provides a unique source of longitudinal data to investigate key factors hypothesized to affect brain health and cognitive ageing. The study has been funded by major grants from the. Whitehall ii found that the way work is organised, the work climate, social influences outside work, influences from early life, and health behaviours all contribute to the social gradient in health.

A total of 4820 drinkers aged 5983 years with biological measurements during the 201112 survey. The whitehall ii study was set up to determine what underlies this. Using the whitehall ii study, this paper investigates changes in the socioeconomic gradient in morbidity and cardiovascular risk factors among white collar workers over a period of 11 years from the late 1980s. The study was an attempt to avoid some of the problems created by the use of general social class groupings, e. The whitehall ii study find, read and cite all the research you need on. The participants are invited for medical examinations and questionnaires every five years, irrespective of participation in previous followups unless they had withdrawn from the study permanently. Since baseline, followup clinical examinations have taken place about every four or five years, with each wave taking two years to. Prospective study of coffee and tea consumption in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among men and women. Methods participants the target population for whitehall ii was all london based of. Brunner department of epidemiology and public health, university college london, 119 torrington place, london wc1e 6bt, uk.

The whitehall study of british civil servants begun in. A longterm followup of study subjects from the first two phases is ongoing. At baseline, 10,308 individuals 6,895 men and 3,4 women, aged 3555 years were recruited, underwent a clinical examination, and completed a. Jun 08, 1991 between 1985 and 1988 we investigated the degree and causes of the social gradient in morbidity in a new cohort of 10,314 civil servants 6900 men, 3414 women aged 3555 the whitehall ii study.

Between 1985 and 1988 we investigated the degree and causes of the social gradient in morbidity in a new cohort of 10,314 civil servants 6900 men, 3414 women aged 3555 the whitehall ii study. The whitehall ii study began as a study of working age people and investigated the relationships between work, stress, and health. The wellcome trustfunded cohorts in novosibirsk, krakow, and prague are populationbased and are using many common protocols to study. With a response rate of 73%, the final cohort consisted of 10 308 participants 34 women and 6895 men. We therefore set up the whitehall ii study, a new longitudinal study of british. The whitehall ii study was established in 1985 to examine the biological mechanisms that account for observed social inequalities in cardiovascular disease cvd and diabetes. Association of social contact with dementia and cognition. Healthy lifestyle and cardiac vagal modulation over 10. By combining over 30 years of data on social inequalities and chronic disease with new clinical measures of cognitive function, mental disorders and physical functioning, the whitehall ii study has become a worldclass, interdisciplinary study of ageing. This crosscohort study integrates 2 large longitudinal datasets, whitehall ii and the national survey for health and development nshd, on data collected in the whitehall ii study. Pdf health selection in the whitehall ii study, uk amanda. The whitehall ii study is the model for occupational cohorts such as those in helsinki and japan, 21 and a plan for a whitehall in washington study is being discussed by the national institutes of health. The data sharing committee dsc comprises the whitehall ii study director and pi, coinvestigators and associated senior study researchers, statisticians and the core operational team.

Evidence from the whitehall ii study diabetes care. The whitehall ii study since its inception in 1985, the whitehall ii study has followed a cohort of british civil servants, 10308 men and women who, at the beginning of the study, were aged 35 to 55 and employed in 20 londonbased white collar civil service departments. Between 1985 and 1988 we investigated the degree and causes of the social gradient in morbidity in a new cohort of 10 314 civil servants 6900 men, 3414 women aged 3555 the whitehall ii study. All civil servants aged 3555 working in the london offices of 20 whitehall departments in 19851988 were invited to participate. Study sample we used data from the ongoing whitehall ii cohort study. Prospective study of social and other risk factors for.

The whitehall study ii consists of nonindustrial civil servants, who were recruited in london at age 35 to 55 years during 19851988 phase 1. The first whitehall study of british civil servants, begun in 1967, demonstrated a steep inverse association between socioeconomic position, assessed by grade of employment, and mortality after 10 years of follow up. Whitehall ii is a cohort study of men and women initially employed by the british civil service. The lancet epidemiology health inequalities among british civil servants. In 199, 7251 participants of the whitehall ii study completed a 127item ffq. Research report change in health inequalities among. Methods prospective occupational cohort study of 6442 male british civil servants aged 35 to 55 years without prevalent chd at baseline in phase 1 19851988. Accelerometer assessed moderatetovigorous physical activity.

The target population for the whitehall ii study was all london based office staff working in 20 civil service departments between 1985 and 1988 and aged 3555 on entry to the study. Whitehall study ii health economics research centre herc. The whitehall studies investigated social determinants of health, specifically the cardiovascular. The results of whitehall i demanded some attempt at explanation. With a response rate of 73%, the final cohort consisted of 10,308 participants. The name whitehall originates from the first whitehall study of 18,000 men in the civil service, set up in 1967. With these questions, the investigators initiated the whitehall ii study several years later. Twenty years later, the whitehall ii study documented a similar gradient in morbidity in women as well as men. A cohort of 10,308 participants aged 3555, of whom 3,4 were women and 6,895 men, was recruited from the british civil service in 1985. The whitehall ii study was established to explore the relationship between socioeconomic status, stress and cardiovascular disease. This paper introduces the multimodal magnetic resonance. The whitehall study of british civil servants begun in 1967, showed a steep inverse association between social class, as assessed by grade of employment, and mortality from a wide range of diseases.

Change in health inequalities among british civil servants. Participants were asked to answer a selfadministered questionnaire and attend a screening examination. The shorter height of those in the lower employment levels were thought to reflect differences in childhood exposures that may have been critical to the formation of early health habits. A new cohort of civil servants was established between 1985 and 1988. Setting civil service departments in london whitehall ii study.

We study the links between health and socioeconomic status in. The whitehall study examined mortality rates over 10 years among male british civil servants aged 2064. Abstract a second phase, the whitehall ii study, examined the health of 10,308 civil servants aged 35 to 55, of whom two thirds were men and one third women, all of whom were employed in the london offices of the british civil service at the time they were recruited to the study in 1985. Using the whitehall ii study, this paper investigates changes in the socioeconomic gradient in morbidity and cardiovascular risk factors among white collar workers. Importantly, while whitehall i studied only male civil servants. The initial study, the whitehall i study, was conducted over a period of ten years, beginning in 1967.

Marmot ffphm a correspondence to prof michael marmot. Type 2 diabetes was ascertained by an oral glucose tolerance test supplemented by selfreports at baseline and four consecutive waves. Injustice at work and incidence of psychiatric morbidity. The response rate was 73%, but detailed investigation in 1 department showed that 4% of those present on the list of employees had moved before our study, and so the true response rate is likely to have been higher. Background justice is a fundamental value in human societies, but its effect on health is poorly described. Work related factors and ill health the whitehall ii study. Pdf health selection in the whitehall ii study, uk. Dec 26, 2017 this study used data from the whitehall ii prospective occupational cohort study. Oct 03, 2012 the results of whitehall i demanded some attempt at explanation.

Change in cardiovascular health and incident type 2 diabetes. Mar 31, 2020 prospective cohort study with median follow. The whitehall ii study is an ongoing cohort study of men and women originally employed by the british civil service in london based offices. Between 1985 and 1988 we investigated the degree and causes of the social gradient in morbidity in a. This cohort of civil servants has been followed up since then with repeated phases of data collection every 23 years. The whitehall ii study is an ongoing prospective cohort study involving individuals recruited from the british civil service. The response rate was 73% and a sample of 6895 men and 34 women was recruited phase 1. The findings of the whitehall i study confirmed the significance of individual characteristics and their unequal distribution in society. The whitehall ii study started in 1985 with 10,308 civil servants aged 3555 years from 20 government departments in london, uk. The first cognitive assessmentwasin1997to1999,repeatedover2002to2004 and 2007 to 2009. Particular attention was paid to psychosocial factors which may. The investigators also proposed that the explanation for differences in mortality among differing levels of employment may be related to general susceptibility or clustering of different specific factors. Importantly, while whitehall i studied only male civil servants, whitehall ii also included women.

Evidence from the whitehall ii study anne case and christina paxson we use data from the whitehall ii study to examine the joint evolution of health status and economic status over the life course. Change in cardiovascular health and incident type 2. Dec 11, 2019 the whitehall ii study is an ongoing cohort study that was established in 1985 to investigate the role of socioeconomic circumstances for health by following up a cohort of 10 308 british civil servants 6895 men and 34 women who were aged 3555 years in 198588. Although all participants in the study are white collar workers, a wide range of occupations is represented with a salary difference of over 10fold between the top. Marmot mg, smith gd, stansfeld s, patel c, north f, head j, white i, brunner e, feeney a. The current sample consists of 5,895 caucasian middleaged civil servants free from diabetes at baseline. The whitehall ii study is an ongoing cohort study that was established in 1985 to investigate the role of socioeconomic circumstances for health by following up a cohort of 10 308 british civil servants 6895 men and 34 women who were aged 3555 years in 198588. A total of 10 308 individuals 34 women, response rate of 73% were initially recruited between 1985 and 1988. Thus, a second longitudinal study of british civil servants whitehall ii was initiated to investigate occupational and other social influences on. Longterm exposure to greenspace and metabolic syndrome. Pdf on may 1, 2005, michael marmot and others published cohort profile.

Walking speed and subclinical atherosclerosis in healthy. Work related factors and illhealth the whitehall ii study stephen stansfeld jenny head michael marmot 1999 the influences of the psychosocial work environment on selfreported illhealth including alcohol dependence, health functioning, psychiatric morbidity, and sickness absence are reported from the longitudinal whitehall ii cohort study of. Participants were asked to answer a selfadministered questionnaire and. Health inequalities british civil the whitehall ii study. Prospective study of coffee and tea consumption in. The long reach of childhood health and circumstance. Objective to examine the association between alcohol consumption and risk of dementia. Sitting behaviour is not associated with incident diabetes. At baseline, 10,308 individuals 6,895 men and 3,4 women, aged 3555 years were recruited, underwent a clinical examination, and completed a selfadministered questionnaire. Can nutrient profiling help to identify foods which diet.